Lord Mahavira : Enlightened Life and Teachings
Dr CM CHHAJER
April 9, 2025
Introduction
Regarded as one of the most influential spiritual leaders in Indian history, Lord Mahavira was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. Born in 599 BCE in Kshatriya Kund (present-day Bihar, India), he was named Vardhamana by his royal parents, King Siddhartha and Queen Trishala. His life and teachings continue to illuminate the path of Jain philosophy, offering timeless wisdom on non-violence, discipline, and spiritual simplicity.
Early Life
Born into royalty, Vardhamana was raised amidst privilege and luxury. Yet, even as a child, he displayed deep thoughtfulness and an inclination toward spirituality. Surrounded by opulence, he remained detached and reflective. As he matured, the superficiality of material pleasures became increasingly apparent to him, stirring a yearning for deeper truth and meaning.
Renunciation and Spiritual Quest
At the age of 30, Vardhamana took a bold and transformative step—he renounced his royal life and chose the path of an ascetic. For the next 12 years, he immersed himself in severe penance, solitude, and deep meditation. Practicing absolute Ahimsa (non-violence), he avoided harming even the tiniest of creatures. Enduring immense physical and mental hardships, he remained steadfast in his pursuit of spiritual liberation.
Enlightenment and Teaching
After years of intense discipline, Vardhamana attained Kevala Jnana—the state of omniscience or absolute knowledge. This profound awakening marked his liberation from worldly attachments and his transformation into Mahavira—the “Great Hero.”
For the next 30 years, Mahavira journeyed across India, sharing his insights and guiding thousands toward a path of ethical living, inner peace, and spiritual realization. He organized a monastic community and laid down the foundations of Jain ethical conduct, which continue to shape lives to this day.
Key Teachings
At the heart of Lord Mahavira’s philosophy are five great vows (Mahavratas), which serve as guiding principles for both ascetics and lay followers:
1. Non-violence (Ahimsa): Cultivate compassion and refrain from causing harm to any living being.
2. Truthfulness (Satya): Speak and live truthfully, maintaining integrity in all aspects of life.
3. Non-stealing (Asteya): Do not take anything that is not freely given; respect others'
Lord Mahavira: Enlightened Life and Teachings belongings.
4. Chastity (Brahmacharya): Exercise self-control over desires; for ascetics, practice complete celibacy.
5. Non-possessiveness (Aparigraha): Let go of attachments to wealth and material possessions; embrace simplicity and detachment.
(Tripurainfo)
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